A Christian View of Suffering Essay -- The Value of Suffering

The concept of piteous plays an important role in Christianity, regarding such matters as virtuous conduct, spiritual advancement and ultimate destiny. Indeed an emphasis on suffering pervades the Gospel of Mark where, it can be argued, we are shown how to journey through suffering (Ditzel 2001) in the image of the Suffering Son of Man (Mark 832), Jesus Christ. Although theologians have suggested that Mark was written to strengthen the resolve of the early Christian friendship (Halpern 2002, Mayerfeld 2005), the underlying moral is not lost on a modern reader grappling with multifarious challenges regarding faith in the face of suffering. In his name A Christian Response to Suffering, William Marravee (1987) describes suffering as an experience over which we men and women continue to stumble and fall. The way we gain divinity is crucial to the way we view suffering according to Marravee, who delineates the disparity between a view of beau ideal as an outsider and the biblic al image of God where God is an insider who suffers with us in our struggle. This essay seeks to explain the Christian view of suffering and the purpose suffering can have in our lives.Suffering is an individuals elemental affective experience of pain or distress, often as a result of champions physical, emotional or spiritual circumstance (Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy 2006). Suffering can be classified as physical for example pain caused by a dislocated knee, emotional for example ones grief over the death of a loved one, or spiritual which is described as the state of being separated from the blissful temper of your divine self (soul). To suffer physically or emotionally is often unavoidable however it can be argued that spiritual liberation... ...s distributed in Theology hundred and one at the University of Notre Dame, Fremantle on 22 April 2008.Marravee. W, 1987, A Christian Response to Suffering, Review for Religious, no. 46, pp. 256-260.Mayerfeld. J, 2005, Sufferi ng and Moral Responsibility. New York Oxford University Press.Pope John capital of Minnesota II (1984), Apostolic Letter SALVIFICI DOLORIS, Online, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Available at http//www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jpapl_11021984_salvifici-doloris_en.html 27 April 2008.Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (2006), Suffering Online, Metaphysics Research Lab, Available at http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/pleasure/ 3 May 2008.Trip, D. (1999), The Christian view of suffering Online, Exploring Christianity. Available from http//www.christianity.co.nz/suffer4.htm Accessed 18 April 2008.

Erewhon and Walden Two: Essay -- Comparative, Butler, Skinner

Close your eyes. Listen. What do you hear? Do you hear the gentle hum of a computer? Do you hear the noise of a distant radio or television? Do you hear the constant drone of a fan? Do you hear anything at all? to the highest degree likely you are near some sort of technological device. Whether that be the calculator in your desk, the watch on your wrist, or the light bulb give you the ability to read this essay (typed on a computer, by the way). The plain fact is that it is almost impossible to escape engineering science. It can non be debated that our modern gild has certain the role of applied science in the future of just about all aspects of our lives. We can see it in the economy, the military, domestically and internationally. To many the integration of applied science is a great convenience, to others a great mishap. Technology is a central idea presented in both Samuel Butlers Erewhon, as well as B.F. muleteers Walden Two. However, the two authors take a very different approach to their perception of technology in a Utopian hostel. The societies of Erewhon, and Walden Two, both recognize technology as a means to make life easier, however, their societal perceptions of technology and its affects on their future differ.Butler in Erewhon, and Skinner in Walden Two, both disturb that technology is means to make life easier. And while, each utopia has a different view on the effects of that technology it is important to note this distinctive similarity. The society of Erewhon has a very distinct negative view on any type of technology. However, Butler is very careful to note that technology does help to emend a persons condition and ability to succeed. For instance Gibbs translates one authors view on machines as s... ...whon the key to the future of society is the repression of technology, the key to the future of Walden Two is embracing technology. In conclusion, technology is viewed by both of these utopian societies as a way to improve life. This in itself is not very ground shaking or surprising. However, it is essential to note in order to visualize the great difference between the two Utopias. One embraces technology and encourages its exploitation, innovation and production as a way to further the individuals and societys happiness. The other on the other hand views technology as evil, something to be hidden and destroyed. It is seen as a danger not only to the physical attributes of society but also their future freedom. Thus, both societies understand that technology is useful, but differ in their views on societal perspectives and its effects on the future.

Censorship - A Clash of Wills and Morals Essay -- Argumentative Persua

Censorship - A Clash of Wills and MoralsA list of the greatest literature of the position language could be compiledalmost solely by using a chart of the get tos most often censoredby schools and libraries. Some tribe believe that the books most frequentlybanned consist only of trashy paperbacks and frivolous beach-reading.However, usually in censorship cases, there is a clash of wills and ethical motivebetween the teacher or librarian who finds a work worthy of students andcommunity members time and the parent or citizen who sees little literaryvalue in the work of choice. Seldom is the teacher or librarian alone in thinkinga work justified for reflection. More often than not, the controversial workhas made it into several canons of great literature and onto several great bookslists. The conclusion that may logically be drawn is that something aboutthese controversial books is special abundant to cause commotion on both endsof the critical spectrum. It may even be suggested that a book is censored forthe very same reasons it is canonized. The great plant life of the literary canon are each striking texts that encapsulatea new voice, idea, point of view, or controversial subject matter each ofthese full treatment contains a new and exciting concept. If there were nothing strikingabout these works, they would never have been canonized. However, withthese new ideas and points of view comes suspicion and fear. If one critic laudsa novel for giving a new perspective on a controversial issue, there is no doubtthat there will also be a citizen looking to maintain the status quo and suppressthese new ideas. It is quite clear that the controversial works of great lit... ....bb.com/bbbanned.cfm.Burress, Lee. Battle of the Books. Metuchen, NJ The Scarecrow Press, Inc.,1989.Garry, Patrick. An American Paradox Censorship in a Nation of Free Speech.Westport, CT Praeger Publishers, 1993.Heins, Marjorie. Sex, Sin, and Blasphemy. New York The Nex Press, 1998.Karolides, Nicholas J., Margaret Bald, and Dawn B. Sova. 100 Banned Books.New York Checkmark Books, 1999.Kranich, Nancy. Develop Yourself Expose Your see to a Banned Book.American Library Association, 2000. Online. www.ala.org.Levine, Michael G. Writing Through Repression Literature, Censorship,Psychoanalysis. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.Noble, William. Bookbanning in America. Middlebury, VT Paul S. Eriksson,1990.Woods, L. B. A Decade of Censorship in America. Metuchen, NJ TheScarecrow Press, 1979.

Citigroup Inc. :: Business, Global Bank

This reflection paper analyzes Citigroup Incs initiatives to set funds aside for executives performance pay, how they are interacting with the media, and business tools that could improve the transparency of their honorarium system. Citigroup is a global bank with its headquarters in New York, NY (Citigroup, Inc., 2011). Citigroup received a U.S. government bailout two years ago (Hester, 2009) and has been operating strongly since then.This June Citigroup denote that it will be putting 86 million for the quarter into paying bonuses to key executives. The announcement was made by Citigroups company spokesman Jon Diat (Scheer & Eichenbaum, 2011). The mandatory regulative filing was filled out to where it addresses the possible recipients of the bonuses as merely key employeesno names were given and the number of possible recipients was withheld as classified cultivation (Scheer & Eichenbaum, 2011). A few possible recipient names were revealed to the media.Citigroups (Citi) com pensation beliefs are good because they understand that executives need to be financially recognized for their achievements. The chase quote is an example of how companies can fail to financially recognize employees achievements. An employer may not fire a worker if this would violate an implied contract, such as a verbal promise, or basic rules of fair dealing. For example, an employer could not legally fire a salesperson just because he or she had earned a bigger bonus under an incentive course of instruction than the employer wanted to pay (Lawrence & Weber, p. 369, 2011). The quote above explains how a company can set up a compensation system and then fire employees that successfully reach the top pay within that compensation system. Executives may experience similar treatment from stockholders, with the elision that stockholders do not create the compensation system. Stockholders can exude massive public ridicule. If a corporation accepts the criticism of stockholders and organizations they may be viewed as absentminded to fire the executive that has accomplished preset goals.Citi is keeping the some of the profit-sharing candidates names confidential. An important aspect of protecting the interest of stockholders is to keep the company as frank as possible (Lawrence & Weber, 2011). Citi should reveal all names of the executives that may earn bonuses from the profit-sharing programs. Investors may want to know about who is and is not a part of the profit-sharing program they may also want to know why the participants names are being kept confidential.

Movie Villains Essay -- essays research papers fc

Movie VillainsWhat really is a villain?Villains have been alive forever, there is no way to easily detectedthem or stopping them. They come in all shapes and sizes from animals to slightchildren to even space aliens. Each villain has his or her own particular style,usually greed. some other big reason for there evil acts is because of revenge,revenge can turn innocent people in to cold blooded killers. The term used to champion villains is antagonist, or someone who opposes the protagonist or heroof the story. Movie villains are not just plainly the main enemy in a movie asin Nightmare on Elm Street series or on the Friday the 13th series, butsometimes it is just a little enemy, sometimes killed off, that is the villain.Sometimes the protagonist turns out to be the biggest antagonist in the story,like in the movie La Strata. Villains usually meet their end by death, butsometimes their fate can be worse than that, like in the movie Time After Time acharacter previse Dr. Stevenso n, who is also know as Jack the Ripper, meets hisdeath by traveling to the farthest time ever in the face of the earth, probablywhen the earth is entirely destroyed. Other villains meet their doom withbeing put in jail. There are a few movies in which the villains actually comesout victorious, as in the movie Chinatown. Villains or antagonist are thespotlights of most movies.What is the origin of villains?Villains have be...

Movie Villains Essay -- essays research papers fc

Movie VillainsWhat really is a villain?Villains have been alive forever, there is no way to easily detectedthem or stopping them. They come in all shapes and sizes from animals to littlechildren to even space aliens. Each villain has his or her own particular style,usually greed. Another big basis for there evil acts is because of revenge,revenge can turn innocent people in to cold blooded killers. The term used torepresent villains is antagonist, or individual who opposes the protagonist or heroof the story. Movie villains are not just plainly the main enemy in a movie asin Nightmare on Elm Street series or on the Friday the 13th series, butsometimes it is just a little enemy, sometimes killed off, that is the villain.sometimes the protagonist turns out to be the biggest antagonist in the story,like in the movie La Strata. Villains usually realise their end by death, butsometimes their fate can be worse than that, like in the movie Time After Time acharacter call Dr. Stevenson, who is also cheat as Jack the Ripper, meets hisdeath by traveling to the farthest time ever in the face of the earth, probablywhen the earth is completely destroyed. Other villains meet their doom withbeing put in jail. There are a few movies in which the villains actually comesout victorious, as in the movie Chinatown. Villains or antagonist are thespotlights of most movies.What is the origin of villains?Villains have be...

Race and Racial Group Essay

Search the Internet for groups and organizations promoting racial equality to help you complete this assignment. You may also refer to the Internet Resource Directory in Ch. 13 of Racial and Ethnic Groups. Using the information from the text and your web searchIdentify one racial group from the list below Hispanic American/LatinoWrite a 500- to 750-word paper from one of the perspectives below A historian writing about the racial group in a appropriate chapter A news reporter writing a newspaper article or blog entry about the racial group An individual genus Phallus of the racial group, writing a personal letter to a friend who is not a member of that racial group Answer the following questions What behave been the experiences of this racial group throughout U.S. history? What have been the political, social, and cultural issues and concerns throughout American history? What legislation meant to constrain race within prejudicial boundaries was enacted? How did the mingled g roups you researched fight this legislation? What legislation meant to alleviate prejudicial boundaries has been enacted? How did the various groups you researched promote this legislation? subsidisation Historical Report on RacePurpose of AssignmentStudents explore a variety of resources on racial equality and write a paper from a historical perspective relating to the experiences of a particular racial group in the United States. By understanding the history of experiences of various groups, students will be better prepared to connect historical experience to racial diversity today.Resource RequiredInternet Resource Directory in Ch. 13 of Racial and Ethnic Groups

Price Determination

Price Determination under Monopoly Monopoly is that market form in which a single producer controls the whole supply of a single commodity which has no close substitute. From this definition there are two points that must be noted (i) Single ProducerThere must be only if one producer who may be anindividual, a partnership firm or a joint stock company. Thus single firmconstitutes the industry. The distinction surrounded by firm and industry disappearsunder conditions of monopoly. (ii) No Close SubstituteThe commodity produced by the producer must have no closely competing substitutes, if he is to be called a monopolist.This ensuresthat there is no rival of the monopolist. Therefore, the cross elasticity ofdemand between the product of the monopolist and the product of any otherproducer must be very low. PRICE-OUTPUTDETERMINATION chthonianMONOPOLY A firm under monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve or average revenuecurve. Further, in monopoly, since average revenue falls as more units of output are sold,the bare(a) revenue is less than the average revenue. In other words, under monopolythe MR curve lies below the AR curve. The Equilibrium aim in monopoly is that level of output in which marginal revenue refers marginal cost.The producer will continue producer as keen-sighted as marginal revenueexceeds the marginal cost. At the point where MR is equal to MC the profit will bemaximum and beyond this point the producer will stop producing. It can be seen from the diagram that up till OM output, marginal revenue is greater thanmarginal cost, but beyond OM the marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. Therefore, the monopolist will be in correspondence at output OM where marginal revenue isequal to marginal cost and the profits are the greatest. The corresponding price in thediagram is MP or OP.It can be seen from the diagram at output OM, while MPis the average revenue, ML is the average cost, therefore, PL is the profit per unit. Now the total p rofit is equal to PL (profit per unit) multiply by OM (total output). In the short run, the monopolist has to keep an eye on the variable cost, otherwise he willstop producing. In the long run, the monopolist can change the size of plant in responseto a change in demand. In the long run, he will make leeway in the amount of thefactors, fixed and variable, so that MR equals not only to short run MC but also long runMC

Peace Versus War Essay

A war pilenot achieve what peace can. The forces of peace can rule everyplace ignorance and superstition, over illiteracy and immorality, over disease and physical suffering, over poverty and govern mental oppression. The conquests of peace are nonviolent and bloodless. They cause no grief to humanity and do not damage life or property. contend causes streams of blood and untold havoc. Only the victories of peace leave no maimed limbs or mutilated bodies, no ruined cities or scorched fields.Even a superficial glance at the course of the two world wars will tell us that their victories were gained at an incalculable cost. The triumph of the First World war proved to be of a short duration. The victory itself sowed, in fact, the seeds of the Second World War.Who knows that the victory of World War- II may also prove to be of an equally short duration and a third global war may even now be in the offing. The victories of Peace, however, are everlasting. They do not rankle in the min d of any nation and their fruits are enjoyed by all people.The victorious in war exploits the conquered people. The example is the occupation of Germany and Japan by the forces of the allied countries. If the axis powers had won the war, they would have exploited the Allies in the same, if not in a worse way.Thus, victory in war is gained at a heavy cost of life, and also implies the annexation and enslavement of many territories and the exploitation of many more. The victories of peace, on the contrary, involve no butchery of human beings and are, besides, of nurse to the entire world.Only peace social reforms. During war men are too busy in militaristic activities to think of social improvement. It is only during peace that a literacy campaign can be started, that the standard of living of the masses can be raised, that better houses can be built for the poor, that more schools and colleges can be opened, that prisons can be reformed, that crime can be effectively checked. Even t he proper working of democracy itself is possible only in generation of peace.There can be no elections, no government of the people when a country is in the throes of war. Peace promotes democracy. In short, it is during peace that a popular improvement is possible in cleanliness and decency, in refinement and taste, in habits and morals, in manners and speech. In peace, too, lies the opportunity for sports, for horse-racing, skiing, tennis, cricket, football and hockey tournaments and athletic contests of all kinds.It is a lot said in favour of war that it brings out the best in man by creating opportunities for human beings to display their great powers of endurance, their courage, their capacity for self- sacrifice, their patriotism. This is true enough. In times of peace, people do tend to become lethargic and indolent. Too much ease begets idleness and an indifference to work. But to applaud war because it stimulates men into activity would really be preposterous. So grim a re the horrors of war and so devastating its effects that no defence of it on any fundament whatsoever is possible.

Indian Creation Stories Essay

After reading the Iroquois and Pima creation myths in the book, I have been in truth intrigued by the Native American beliefs of the creation of the earth. It seems that nearly every tribe has a antithetic belief of how it happened, though some ar very similar. The Huron tribe, earlier from the St. Lawrence Valley, have a very similar belief of creation as the Iroquois, where the Cherokee tribe had a totally different view than the Pima. The Iroquois and the Huron myths are two in the Earth-Diver category. In this type of myth, animals swim deep to the bottom of the water and bring up dirt in their mouth, forming the earth.Just like the Iroquois, in the Huron myth, a prophesy woman falls out the sky and is swept up just before hitting water by a hawk. The hawk then calls shoot down in the water for help, for she is too heavy for it to hold by itself. First, a turtle comes out the sea for her to sit on, and then he instructs other animals such(prenominal) as ducks, beavers, and even a muskrat. After the earth is built, the woman gives birth to twins, but soon dies after giving birth to her two sons. The sons in both myths represent good and evil on earth. They were to prepare the earth so that humans could love on it, but they found out that they could not live together.So, they separated, with each one taking their own portion of the earth to prepare. Once older, the good son creates a sun and moon out of the remains of its get downs body. It continues to create the ball, forming vegetation and other useful tools to help humans survive. Meanwhile, the evil pal made outrageous animals, violent and disturbing. He made wolves, bears, condemnable snakes, and panthers of giant size. He made massive mosquitos, the size of wild turkeys, and he made an enormous toad, it drank up the fresh water that was on the earth.The good brother then had to kill the toad to bring water back to the land. In the end, the good brother defeated the evil brother in a fight, direct the evil brothers soul to the center of the earth. Pima creation myth is similar to the Iroquois and Huron myths in that there are both animals that help build the earth, leave out in the Pima myth, they are land animals instead of sea animals. Also, there are two main characters that represent good and evil. The Cherokee creation myth starts as the world being completely covered in water and earth merely being an island floating bove the seas suspended by four rawhide ropes.There were no people, and the animals lived higher up the rainbow. The animals sent the water beetle under the seas to search for more room, and it brought up mud that spread quickly, turning into land. Although at first the land was to soft and flat, Godfather turkey vulture went to check on the land and the wind from his wings created mountains and valleys, thus why the Cherokee territory has many mountains. As the new ground stiffened, the pulled the sun from behind the rainbow and raise it higher in the sky.The next thing created was the plants, and view animals were given the privilege to see at night. People were created last, with the women being able to have babies every vii days, the Creator feared that the world would soon become crowed and made it so women could only have one child a year. The Native American creation stories of the Iroquois and Huron are almost identical where the Pima and Cherokee are completely opposite of each other. This goes to show just how different the beliefs of different Indian tribes are, and how this holds true to how there are different beliefs across the United States still today.

Opportunities for you and your organization in the maintenance of a blog to address customer issues Essay

Blogs can be fun and very informative. Blogs could have a major impact on students, faculty, and staff. The opportunities for students, faculty, and staff are endless. Most students are fit within an age group that grew up with networking and social engineering science. They are familiar with blogs and social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. For some, it is their primary means of getting information and learning. With 36,000 students, blogging can be a means of communicating security concerns, major impacts to the university operations, and crisis management.As mention in McNurlin and Sprague (2006), Dan Farber suggests hotshot corporate use of blogs is for crisis management. A blog can be more appropriate than e-mail in managing a crisis (such as a fire or a security br all(prenominal)). All the postings can be on one site, in journaling style, rather than passed as disconnected e-mails, notes Farber. (p. 292) Students and faculty also like to illustration their opinion ab out the way the university is run. Blogs would give them a voice to express those opinions due to the nature blogs.McNurlin and Sprague went on to say that What readers seem to trust about blogs, that they do not trust about conventional media, is their opinionated and personal nature. (p. 293) Blogs would also be a valuable marketing tool for the university. Blogs hosted by students could give rule advice and opinion to prospective students. According to Laudon and Laudon (2006), Blogs provide a more personal way of presenting information to the public and prospective customers about new products and services. (p. 123) Finally, blogs are a way to manage customer relationships.Faculty, staff, and students are considered customers of the information technology department. It is important to communicate changes, outages, and useful information that help to make the customer experience with technology more enjoyable. The more tips and helpful advice IT can give to end-users, the bet ter the experience. In turn, IT can learn the needs, wants, and opinions of their customers. According to Haag, et, al (2005), Customers interact with companies in many ways, and each interaction should be easy, enjoyable, and error free.

Conducting Buinsess Overseas

The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business 11/12/12 Phase 5 Individual check Professor Ivy When conducting business overseas it is important to know the legal commandments (N/A, N/A) which should be considered as the first part of the business plan. One should do their research nearly how business is handled to avoid illegal activities that iodin may non be aw ar of. Some of the regulations are permits, licenses, requirements, financial backing, and laws that apply in that country.There are laws for importing merchandise into another country so therefore one essential check with someone who specialize in that area of laws. As an importer one must give customs a complete report on the delivery of goods. On December 8, 1993 the Customs Modernization Act was put into show in coordinate to shift legal responsibility (N/A, N/A) from Customs to the importer for declaring, among other things, the value, classification, and rate of duty applicable to entered merchandise. Importe rs should go for reasonable tutelage when complying with Customs requirements in order to fulfill their duties as importers.As part of Customs they strongly enforce requirements from other agencies which include Environmental Protection Agency, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and the food for thought and Drug Administration. All of these agencies are included to make sure goods passes safety requirements before any goods are imported into another country. If it is determined that an importer fail to use reasonable care they could face monetary penalties for not following laws. Any club that has large import activity should have satisfactory procedures in military position in order to make sure theyre in compliance with Custom laws.Many importers use Customs Broker (N/A, N/A) to handle their files for them. These agencies are authorize by Customs to deal with files for importers. As an importer there is specific documentation requirements needed before any goods mess be imported into another country. So therefore, importers use Custom Brokers to gather and file all of the necessary documents for importing the goods. Importers are still responsible for following all rules under the Mod Act. If these laws are broken they can be held liable for criminal or civil penalties under the Mod Act.Criminal Penalties can be defined as anyone who gives false data to Customs officers. Anyone who is in violation of this statue could face two years imprisonment, fines, or possible both for all violation that were related to importation. Civil penalties can be defined as anyone who provide fraud through the use of gross negligence or transmit false data which relates to any fraudulent activities. As part of Customs authority they can seize merchandise to get payment for the violation. As part of doing business oversees one will deal with exporters.Exporter duties (N/A, N/A) include making sure that it is legal to export merchandise from United States to another country. Th ey are also responsible to make sure that all necessitate documentation are in order and filed to proper agency. Before exporting any product one should be sure to check for licenses and other documentation needed to export products. There are certain laws that apply to exporters which include laws such as anti-boycott laws, the Export Administration Regulations, and Economic sanctions.When determining whether or not a license is needed for export the appropriate authority checks for the products classification, end-user, and end-use. It is also important that one should know ab come out of the closet Free trade Agreements. Free Trade Agreements (N/A, 2010) is known to be one of the best opportunities to expand the foreign market to the United States. Part of the Free Trade Agreement is to mow barriers to United States exports which protect the United States interests. This law makes it easier and less expensive for U. S. ompanies to export their goods to trading market partners. So therefore, we could use this to our advantage as a company to export goods to from and to other countries. The ethical code of conduct (N/A, Sigue Corp. , 2012) for employees and marketers is to ensure strong ethical principles govern prevent conflicts that might occur between the employees and vendors. All employees and vendors must abide by the companys ethical code of conduct. In order for the code of conduct to be enforced each employee or vendor must report any conflicts that relates to the companys welfare.As part of the companys policy we are responsible for keeping customers, employees, and vendors satisfied with the services provided from this company. So therefore, we required our employees to bear on a high level professional standard while conducting business in our company. Employees should keep all information confidential about Company, customers, employees, agents, and vendors. If any employee has an issue we encourage them to consult with someone such supervi sor, management, or anyone else in a higher position about any problems they may encounter.If employees or vendor are found to be in violation of Code of conduct will be investigated and immediately terminated. As part of the Companys policies we report any unlawful behavior to the appropriate agency. This company doesnt tolerate fraudulent behavior, dishonest, theft, embezzlement, threats, or any other inappropriate behavior. Legal and ethical guidelines (Phillips, 2012) are important in all businesses because they are part of laws that shall be followed. All businesses should have ethical guidelines that they should abide by in order to maintain laws which are enforceable by the state and government.If a business fails to follow guidelines and laws they could be punish or penalized by local laws that werent followed. Ethical guidelines is utilise to protect employees from being unpaid by enforcing laws for wages and hours worked. These laws are put in place to avoid businesses fr om not treating employees fairly such as not paying them for the hours worked or over duration. When distinguishing between right and incorrectly in business dealings (Merchant, 2006-2012) one must consider is the action true and how it will displace the business.They should also take into consideration whether or not the decision is fair to all parties involved. Another question one should ask is will the decision take in the proceeds of people that have invested in this dealing. After thinking about the outcome of all decision it is important that you chose the action that is legal in order to avoid illegal behavior that will lead to punishment of some typesetters case. The punishment could result in termination, fines, or imprisonment depending on what type of wrong doings one has committed.So therefore, when hiring employees one should make sure they are capable of making the right decision that will have a positive outcome for the company. As part of ethical conduct one mu st be capable of deciding what is right and what is wrong in order to have a good foundation in ethics. Making the right choices in a company could result in the company being victorious and kept out of the public eye for unethical behavior. This type of behavior has prompted such an increase in these types of legal and ethical violations (Richard Mauer & Anna M. Tinsley, 2010) because they arent being handled appropriate.Many companies arent punished to the rise extent because they have power and money to get them out of that situation. When other companies see that another company has gotten away breaking the law they think that they can away with it too. Ethical violations are increasing because many companies forget about them and indirect request to get the job done in a short time with a low cost. Many companies in todays society dont have morals and good values so this makes it voiceless to practice ethical guidelines for companies. If all companies enforced good ethical behavioral some of the unethical violation could be reduced.This could lead to a more successful reliable business that more people will feel comfortable with. My opinion regarding the impact of the ethical implications (N/A, 2005-2012) and violations on the business itself from the perspective of the consumer is that this company follows rules and regulation to avoid illegal behavior. Some companies seem to think that they can get away with doing things that are not legal and that they wont be caught. If the hail keeps ordering them to pay fines and put them on probation they may not recognize what the consequences are.So I think they should lose money in order to realize that this type of behavior is unacceptable. So therefore, the company should be shut down until everything is corrected. I feel by them paying isnt enough because they have billions of dollars and money isnt a problem. Investors may feel that this company is reliable for their actions and may not want to do busin ess with them. The reason why investors may not want to do business with them is because they have a history of illegal and unethical behavior that may cause investors to lose money.

Hank Williams

Hiram King Williams, also kn profess as Hank Williams, was born on September 17, 1923 in Mount Olive, Alabama. His dad was Lon Williams, a locomotive engineer. His mom was Lillie Williams, a church electronic organist. Hank spent most of his childhood in Georgiana and Greenville, Alabama. Hank Williams was a key person in the development of modern land music. He caused a shift in country music from a regional, rural phenomenon to a nationwide, urban acceptance in the late 1940s. He off-key hillbilly music into country music. He became interested in music at a very early age.He l pulled to play the organ from his mother. He could also play the harmonica. His mother gave him his first guitar when he was eight. His father walked out on the family when Hank was a young child. It became the responsibility of his mother to raise Hank and his siblings. She was a very strong willed woman. He attended Sidney Hanier High School in Montgomery. He quit school when he was 16 years old. He was raised(a) as a fundamentalist Baptist. The music and sermons from his childhood had influenced him. My earliest memory Rolling St bingle writer Ralph J.Gleason (as quoted by Williams biographer Colin Escott) is sittin on that organ pretend by her and hollerin. I must have been five, six years old and loudern anybody else. In 1937, Hanks mother opened a boarding ingleside in Montgomery. Hank helped the family income by shining shoes, selling newspapers, and peanuts on the street. This is where he met Rufus Payne, a black man, known as Tee-Tot. He taught Hank to play the guitar. He would follow him well-nigh on the street begging him to teach him to play. He would pay him 15 cents or whatever he had for a lesson. Payne also helped him overcome his shyness.He is the atomic number 53 that the blues influence came from. He made his very first radio performance at the age of thirteen. He formed his first band when he was fourteen years old. I was called Hank Williams and his Drifting Cowboys. He began wearing cowboy hats and western clothes. He sang without amplification and above the sounds of the band. He developed a full throated style of singing. It was similar to Roy Acuff from the Grand Ole Opry. Hank was turned down for the military service because of his back problems.Near the end of the war he began prosecute his musical career again. He started performing at dances nd local events. He also started playing at honky tonks. These were rough and rowdy beer joints that the urban centers new comers went to. Williams began abusing inebriant. This problem haunted him the rest of his life. It was partly because of him trying to self medicate the terrible back pain that was caused by a inseparable spine disorder. When Hank was 20 years old he met Audrey Mae Sheppard. She was a single mother and separated from her husband. She and Hank married after her divorce was final. They were married by a justice of the peace at a gas station near Andalusic, Alabama in December 1944.They had a child Hank Williams, Jr. in 1949. Hank and Audrey visited capital of Tennessee to meet Fred Rose, the head of Acuff-Rose Publishing. The meeting resulted in the destroying of Never Again and Honky Tonkin. This led to signing a contract with MJM. Rose became his manager and record producer. Lovesick Blues became Hanks trademark tune. It began with a yodel. It spent a year on the charts, including sixteen weeks at the top. He suddenly found himself on a roll. He quickly recorded two more songs, including Mind Your Own Business. They say this song was aimed at his wife.Audrey began to push for more of her own spot in the stardom as he became more famous. They had recorded several sets and she had played with the band some. It was said that her voice was shrill and tuneless. They also said that she didnt have a very good sense of time. In 1950, he had more successful songs. He also released a series of religious songs with his wife. He used his connections to g et a recording contract for her with DECCA. They were not as successful. H recorded his religious narrations talking blues under the name Luke the floating policy.Luke the Drifter walked with Hank Williams and talked through him. These recordings were the closest Hank Williams came to bearing his soul. Hanks musical career was very successful, but his personal life was falling apart. This was mostly caused by his alcohol abuse that was intensified by his rocky relationship with his wife. This found its charge into the words of his songs about heartache, heartbreak, and the break- up of relationships. Hank and Audrey divorced in 1952. As he began to earn more money and spend longer periods of time away from home he began to drink more frequently.While on a hunting devolve on in Tennessee, he tripped and fell re-hurting his back. He began taking morphine and other painkillers to help control the pain. He quickly became addicted. Following a short arrest in Texas, Hank, returned to Montgomery in December to rest before going to Canton, Ohio on January 1, 1953. He was scheduled to play in Canton. Charles, a friend and his driver, was halt for speeding on their way to Canton. The police officer saw Hank in the car and thought he looked like a dead man. He was consequently taken to a West Virginia hospital and was declared dead at 700 a. . He had died in the back seat of a Cadillac on his way to the concert.He was buried three days later in Montgomery. There was a record crowd attending. His last single released before he died was Ill Never Get Out of This World Alive. It reached number one immediately after his death. In 1953, they continued to release his records that hit number one including Your Cheatin Heart Hank Williams was a recording artist for only 6 years and recorded 66 songs under his name (more under Luke the Drifter and with Audrey). Out of the 66 songs 37 of these were hits.Bibliographyhttp//www.allmusic.com/artist/hank-williams-p138231/biograp hyhttp//britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/644353/Hank-Williams?sections=644353

Maasranga Communication Limited

pic engagement On Maasranga Communications Limited Submitted To Maksuda Hossain Lecturer FBA Eastern University Submitted By Name ID Dewan Abdullah 101200205 Nadim Ali Mollah 101200208 Shahina Akter 101200211 Jahangir Sharif 101200210 Abrar Faisal 101200207 SEC-4 Faculty of Business brass section Submission 07/11/2011 pic pic Terms of Reference December 8, 2011 Maksuda Hossain Lecturer Faculty of Business Administration, Eastern University Madam, The comprehend at your hand is on Maasranga Communication limited. You assign us to prepargon this report as a part of the Management (MGT 201) course requirement.While preparing this report, we have tried to follow your instructions given in the class. We believe our report contains info stand by us to make a clear recognize about Maasranga Communication limited. We really enjoyed doing such a challenging report. If you have further queries regarding this paper, we gladly retain stand by whenever you ask for it. Final ly, we are grateful to you for giving us a nice fortune to work on this report, which we have considered as a great chance for us to develop our analytical skills. Sincerely yours, Dewan Abdullah Nadim Ali Mollah Abrar Faisal . Shahina Akter . Jahangir Sharif .. Table of contents Chapter 1 basic Part installation. 5 Objective or purpose of the study. 6 Methodology.. 6 Limitations of the study. 6 Chapter 2 Body of the history Overview of the company.. 7 surround of the steadfastly 8 Major competitors of the firm.. 10 purlieual agitation (Recent puzzle) 10 Major uniqueness of the channel. 11 SWOT analysis11 Chapter 3 reason Part Conclusion 12 Findings. 2 Recommendations12 Appendix.. 13 Maasranga Communications Limited Introductory Part Cause behind named Maasranga It is a sister concern of Square Group. Before that, Square had a toil House that is renowned as Maasranga Production. For that, the Name of that our channel is Maasranga communication limited. It starts its oper ation from 30 July 2011officially. Introduction Maasranga goggle box, part of the SQUARE Group, has turned to Grass Valley for a complete newsroom system, production and master suss out switchers, and infrastructure equipment as part of the rollout of an HDTV station in Bangladesh.It is the first High Definition (HD) TV channel in Bangladesh. At the heart of the channel is a complete digital news production system based on the Aurora production suite, with Grass Valley K2 media servers for content storage and exchange, and EDIUS redact workstations. Each of the two studios is equipped with a Grass Valley Kayak video production switcher. The key infrastructure of the new channel also relies upon Grass Valley technologies, including Maestro master control switching. Maasranga Television began test transmissions from its new center in Dhaka on Oct. 10. Maasranga TV started channeliseing on July 30, 2011 through with(predicate) an hour inaugural show.Maasranga TV will be the first television state that will broadcast in High Definition television, 3G format. Achievement in these two years Maasranga TV became champions in the Pepsi-DRU Media form cricket tournament beating The Daily Star by 33 runs in the final at the Maulana Bhasani National Hockey Stadium on 21/11/2011. Minister for Information and Cultural personal matters Abul Kalam Azad witnessed the final and distributed prizes among the teams. Objective or purpose of the study commencement exercisely, we desire to mention that, we are preparing this report as our Teacher influenced us to do this. There are approximately others purpose to do the report those are given on a lower floor * To make out the problem they are facing as a new TV channel. To find out who are the competitors of the channel & who are the customers. * In this report, we are trying to focus the square position & Activity of the channel. Methodology We used both primary and secondary data to prepare this report. We revenge M aasranga TV channel office and there by the selling executive provide some teaching. As they are new in the market and they end non provided much instruction in the web site, so we cannot find huge information in the web site about them. Based on this little information we are trying to complete the report. Limitation or barriers to complete this report We were face many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) problem to complete the report those are highlighting below When we visit Maasranga TV we meet there marketing manager he give us some information but some of the information he want to provide through e-mail. We told him that it would be ok. We contract with him several times and every time he tries to convince us, that he will send the e-mail. However, he sends the e-mail six days before of patience date of the report. As the channel is new and they are very busy in chief(prenominal)tenances (As they inform us through the e-mail) they cannot uploaded much information about thei r channel, so we faced trouble in finding information on the web site. Body of the Report Overview of the company (Product or Service) As the marketing executive give tongue to that, they sell duration, which they called Time Product. Especially they receive capital to telecast an advertisement. They charged money based on how long the advertisement will telecast. They charged at least 25000? -30000? for an advertisement that will telecast for cardinal seconds. At the very beginning some advertisement agency were strongly disagree, they suggest them as they are new they need to decrease the price. However, when they hear that Maasranga is the first HD channel in Bangladesh they were ready to pay money as the channel demand for an advertisement. purlieu of the firm ( impertinent & Internal) Division of the channel environment is showing below through a chart pic Discussion about the above components are given belowExternal Environment (General) Economics When we try to know about their economic dimensions, they informed that it is highly confidential or top secret. They were not ready to share anything about daily expenditure, profit etc. related to economy. technical They are using the latest HD engineering science to telecast program. They use digital video camera and many other latest and high technology. Political The ministry of information and technology has emphasized to develop the principles of telecasting our ethnic values, history and the significant measures of our nation that are helpful to enlighten our image to the world itself. External Environment (Task)Competitors As they are new in the market, so they have to compete with many channels like ATN Bangla, Channel I, Bangla Vision, Baisakhi and many other channels of Bangladesh. Customers All aged group. Maasranga telecast different types of programs in different times as example they telecast cartoon on every Sunday and Monday for children. Suppliers There main suppliers are those who sup plies information to them as an example they mention one name who supplies information, is Sirius. Regulators This Organization is a appendage or part of Square group. They mention that Square group works as the regulators. Internal Environment Owners The owner of the channel is Square group Board of directors Chairman Shamson H.Chowdhury Managing theatre director Aanjan Chowdhury CEO Syed Fahim Munaim Executive Director Ajoy Kumar Kundu Employees Near about four hundred people are on the job(p) in the channel. Major competitors of the firm There are many satellite channels in Bangladesh Maasranga is not the first one so they have many competitors, their major competitors are Bijoy TV, G TV, My TV, Mohona TV- as they are also newly launched TV channels in Bangladesh. There are many other giant competitors of Maasranga like ATN Bangla, Channel I, Bangla vision, Diganta TV and many more as they are very famous TV channels in Bangladesh. environmental turbulence (Recent problem ) 0 July 2011 the channel is started officially so they passed near five months (Until the submission date 08/12/2011) after starting, so the every single problem faced by them is recent problem for them. They did not mention any problem specifically. They mention that, this topic is very secret. They only talked about that, there employees running(a) very hard to solve the entire problem. Major uniqueness of the channel The HD technology differ them from other channels. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weakness New in the marked. Strong and experienced management. Not much popular. First HD channel in Bangladesh. Cannot hold much awareness among people. High quality picture. Lake of well-trained employee. Quality full program. Lake of information source. Telecasts programs in time. High investment to competing with the competitor. Took short breaks in programs. Opportunities Threats Can be launched a new program. badly competition in the market. Experienced in using high technology. Political instability in the country. HD technology will increase their demand. Profit will low then investment. Big threat for them, that they are new. cerebrate PartConclusion By analyzing the whole report we can say that, the firm or channel are facings many problems as they are new. In addition, their main strength is that, they are using high technology. To peak up the channel they must be choosy in selecting employee, program etc. Findings From the overall report we can find that, the main problem is awareness. Awareness among people is very important for them. To compete with the competitors they must create awareness among people. Recommendation They must select quality full programs. They must select hard working employee. They must telecast those programs, which will acceptable for all aged people. Take part in some social work to get emotional benefits. Choose good presenter and try to telecast align news. A ppendix We provide a soft copy of the report through a CD. That will help you to judge the report. pic pic pic pic picpicpic Competitors Customers Suppliers Regulators Task Economics Technological Political General Owners Board of directors Employees Internal External Environment 1

Remember the Titans Essay

A scene in the film of which I thought it was virile was when the new take aim takes the players into the woods for a run and they arrive at a sort of cemetery. He tells them about a lesson from the death they have to come together, otherwise they will be destroyed. He tells them whether they want each other or not, they should respect each other. I really like this scene of the movie, first, because I think it takes place in a special surrounding. All the players are exhausted from the running and genial of impressed by the place.Second, I like this part because I like the message and the way the coach tries to create one team out of two groups. The third message I got from the video is the situation that sports brings people together. No matter what race, as friends in a team you institutionalize up make it work. In the video the white boys and the African-American boys have each their own team with their own rituals. Along the road, their offense for football and their des ire to win brings them together.They combine their habits and the difference in their cultural backgrounds gives them a special jot of a united group and makes them stronger. Also in other situations can sports play an important factor, you can see it in the world with for employment the Olympic Games, but also other major sports events. I think sports can unite individuals from different cultural backgrounds because the rules are the same in every grow and as people are playing, they do not necessarily have to speak the same language.So, if you put the messages all together, I would say that in my opinion the movie is a really good one. afterward watching it I realized even more that it is about personalities and characters instead of the way people wait or the cultural background they are from. Although it can be hard for some individuals to act this way, for example because of pressure from their peers or because the way they are raised. I hope that for the future that ever y day more people will realize that it is not about the differences, but about the similarities.

Climate Change Lab Report

I. Introductiona. In this lab, the question being investigated is, Has temper transposed over time? b. The hypothesis is, If carbonic acid gas levels affect climate, then the climate has sortd overtime because of the change magnitude greenhouse moment caused by higher levels of CO2 emissions. c. Variables1. Independent Variable Amount of CO2 2. dependent Variable Climate changeII. Background InformationClimate is the weather pattern in an area over long point in time of time. Climate is more focused on the long term rather than day to day or week to week changes. Due to uneven heating of the Earths surface, climate changes depending on where the attitude is on the planet. Factors such as incoming solar energy, Earths rotation, and air and water movements both affect an areas climate. Different levels of these factors influence the biomes on the planet.The current climate change is the warm up of Earths melody. Climate change has haped naturally all through bug out histo ry, but never to the form that it is now. Average global temperature and CO2 levels are rising collectable to human activity on the planet such as step-upd agriculture, raising livestock, and burning fossil fuels. Now it is known that climate change is happening for a many reasons. Scientists studying ice cores, seafloor sediment, and tree rings are all sightedness how the climate change is affecting the planet.Even if immediate action is taken, there would noneffervescent be lasting implications on the entire planet. Things such as rising sea levels, health implications, and severe droughts could all happen because of an increase atmosphere temperature. While some areas would be subjected to scorching temperatures, other would be plunged underwater. Warmer climate would drop out for a longer breeding season for microbes and parasites. Action to stop climate changeneeds to happen as soon as possible before it could get worse.III. Data AnalysisAfter looking at the data, it is o pen that the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere directly affect the temperature of Earths climate. As the charts show, the higher the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, the higher the amount global air temperature is.Graph 1 shows how the rise in carbon dioxide has caused the average global air temperature to rise. For example, in 1965 the CO2 part per million (ppm) was roughly at 318ppm, and later in 2005 the CO2 levels were at about 374ppm. This clearly shows how the CO2 ppm levels have risen over time due to various human activity on the planet.In Graph 2, the average global temperature over time is shown. This graph shows how the average global temperature anomaly has risen dramatically over the course of about 120 years. In 1900 the average global temperature anomaly was -0.1, while in 2000 is was almost at 0.6.In Graph 3, the relationship mingled with temperature and carbon dioxide is shown over very long periods of time on Earth. From 400,000 years ago until present, the lines mapping out the temperature and CO2 levels in the atmosphere have stayed almost overlapping each other the entire time. It is likewise shown how the CO2 levels have affected the temperature. The CO2 levels have always changed first, falling or rising, with the temperature following that homogeneous trend almost immediately after.In Chart 1, tree core data over time is shown. The harvest-feast of trees is greatly involveed by the climate that they grow in, and with warmer temperatures due to a warmer climate they will have a longer growing season allowing for thicker rings. For example, in 1600-1649 the average ring onerousness on a tree has 0.24cm. Later, in 1900-1960 the average ring thickness from the same tree was 0.37cm.IV. ConclusionThe lord hypothesis stated that if CO2 levels affect climate, then the climate has changed overtime because of the increased greenhouse effect caused by higher levels of CO2 emissions. The data gathered supports and accepts this hypothesis. It is shown by multiple studies how both the CO2 split per million and the average global temperature has risen over time. As the graphs show, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere has a direct impact on the average global temperature, causing the temperature to rise and fall as the levels of CO2 rise and fall.This lab is very important to the planet, and the everyday lives of everyone on the planet. Climate change has an impact on all life on Earth, and even just a one degree change in average global temperature could end with catastrophic results. Even with immediate action, there will still be lasting implications on the planet. People can no longer ignore the changing climate, or pretend that its not going to affect them. Humans have had a huge detrimental impact on the climate, and for the benefit of not only themselves but for life as we know it, such impacts need to be reversed.

Adult essay

Introduction There argon near state who graduate from high school and go directly to work, and there are others who go directly to college by and by high school. Jack was one of legion(predicate) people that went directly to work after struggleds high school. He felt like notwithstandington to school was a waste of fourth dimension. After workings in the factory for four years he was promoted to a manager. Jack felt like he was on top of the world. Ten years after being promoted, he learned that the factory was round to close mound. Now Jack was about to lose everything his job, his house, and his car.What would he to do now. Jack is not the solo person to beget lost his job. Many people every day lose their job and have no idea what to do next. They may lose their job due to the business closing down because of bankruptcy, or because the job is relocating overseas. There are also some people who simply just c alone for a change of employment as well as career path. Th ere are many of people going to college for their own personal reasons. They may have been fired, laid off, or just precious to do something other than what they were already doing career wise. crowings who receive more life experience before going to college are lie withn as cock-a-hoop learners. Most adult learners find it sturdy to adjust to college classes, after having been in the working environment Kenner and Weinerman explains that working before college may affect a students captious foundations. While dealing with adult learners, an instructor may have a harder time intend assignments for adult learners. The college instructor may need to receive experience about their adult scholarship students priming to understand how to assign their assignment.Also by knowing the background of the adult learner, the instructor rear better know which persons might need extra help and which students may not. People can have fun sequence learning. Some people can learn different and new things about life through skills learned, as well as apply when acting ikon games. It had been shown that people have learned just by playing games. acquire from playing video games can increase a person actives and engagement. One of the advantages of victimization certain types of computer game in education is their ability, for many learners, to engender engagement and motivation, which contributes to effective learning.Adult Learning Kenners and Weinermans report says organizational development is necessary to help an employee gain more knowledge in their job field. They both say that Knowles discussed the four different stages of adult learning. The four stages are A. self-importance directed, taking responsibility for their own actions, and resisting having information arbitrarily imposed on them. B. an extensive depth of experience, which serves as a critical component in the foundation of their self identity. C. being ready to learn.As most adult learners return to college voluntarily, they are likely to actively engage in the learning process. D. being task motivated. Adult students returning to college attend for a specific goal and the primary component of their motivational drive tends to be internal (Knowles, 1984). The veterans have it harder than other adult learners. Veterans who may have been in active duty during war time have seen more things than the average person has seen. Most veterans cant separate the remainder from military life, school life, and life in general, after theyve been in active duty in the military.Tacit theory, light theory, and prescribed theory, are three of the ways that a person can design their own learning, tell by Schraw and Moshman (1995). The in classroom studies is a form of tacit and in formal theory. As of formal theory, the method of study is very hardly use of study, from the article of Kenner and Weinerman (Spring 2011). Game Engagement Theory It been utter that video games can help a per son in the learning experience in life. Researchers and practitioners in the field of game-based learning often assume that computer games are intrinsically motivational for most, if not all, people (e. . , Oblinger, 2004 Prensky, 2001). The U. K. is planning to make learning fun by using the video games from the report of Whitton. The factors that the theory describes are the following 1. A challenge that requires skill to achieve with an attainable goal and know rules 2. Complete preoccupancy in the activity 3. Clear goals 4. Immediate feedback 5. Concentration on the task in hand 6. A sense of control, lacking the sense of worry about losing control 7. Loss of self-consciousness 8. Transformation of time (Whitton 2011).There are two types of theories dealing with a basic model of learning games. The two theories are lean theories and the theory of androgogy. Flow theories are a part of the component. It types of engagement that can be engage in a level of the state of flow, from Csikszentmihalyi (1992). The means of having a different style of learn of a jr. learner is known as the theory of androgogy. Conclusion In conclusion, adult learners have a hard time get back into, as well as adjusting to, the school environment than the traditional college students.When a person has been working numerous years and then decides to return to the school environment, it often is more vexed to adjust to forming a new train of thought. An adult learner may get so used to doing the things a certain way while in the working environment that they lose the ability for critical thinking. Learning can be fun sometimes. A person can learn also from playing video games. Some people may learn one thing while others learn something exclusively different from the same video game. Reflection I am an adult learner and can tinge to what has been posted as well as what I have read.At times it is hard for me to get all my assignment in on time, but I am trying the best that I can. sometimes its hard for me to understand what the instructor is asking me to do and what is required in the assignment for the week. Its study articles in my life they will have me pull from my studies. Things like working (need to make money to commit bills and to survive), family (need to give and receive family support in life), and other personally business. Life from adult living is hard, but to add going to school is harder on somebody like me.With the time I have in my life, I dont have the time to sit in a classroom orbit so I went a different route and taking online classing. I do agree that some things can be learned by games and some things cant. It shows the basics about how life can or cant be and how life should or shouldnt be. Over all learning can be fun at times even that it may be applied to video games. REFERENCES Cari Kenner and Jason Weinerman (Spring 2011). Adult Learning Theory applications to non-traditional college students. www. crla. net Nicola Whitton1 (2011). Game Engagement Theory and Adult Learning. www. sagepub. com/journalsPermissions. nav

Online Relationships

Online Relationships Cyberspace relationships have the advantages of time, distance depletion, and reverie abilities (Suler). Internet users can take on different identities or take part in conjuring trick games. They can become someone else. James Katz and Philip Aspen report that the Internet is a place to make friends and bridle in touch with far away relatives (Stoll). It makes distance disappear. Also, online a person is given time ahead they must respond to the other person (Suler).They are given the opportunity to better articulate themselves in writing. It is also possible to store conversations with friends on-line (Suler). Sometimes face to face relationships are hard to make. Its easier for a shy or awkwardly social person to use the internet to make friends. With each(prenominal) of these social advantages, why are there still many lonely Internet users? Paradoxically, the Internet is a social technology used for communication, yet it results in declining social invo lvement and psychological well-being (Stoll).There is a large gap between people we can touch and people we can onl heheheheheh eheh jajb ladjbas hbdfhS HDFBASUB LBFHAB SBDFLABSH CLABHK SCVBKBVKHS FVERBVKDSBFU NVA V directVAS GBKV RHK VKJ VUIBKJ SKJVB VKEVKJERVIUOVUER HA HA HA HA HA HA AHA HAHA HA A HAHA AHAHA AHJAH AHA AHA A AHAH A AHA A A HA AHA AH AHAHAA HA A AHA HA AHAH KG GTJT NENE EJSD S SMS DC KJFJ G GKGNMF SDN SNSNKSKSW SWKE EKOEOKE W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W WE

Effectiveness of Treatment Programs Research Paper

Effectiveness of interference Programs - Research Paper facePatients having the problems relating to ab c totally of drugs are treated with the help of introducing and applying various interposition programs for the sole purpose of discontinuation of the use of drugs and other kinds of intoxicating chemicals. Apart from this, intervention programs concerning alcoholism are extensively introduced as well as use wherein forbearings with abnormal drinking habits are assisted through the most advanced measures of treatment that may include different types of exercises and meditation among others. Treatment relating to discontinuation to the habit of smoking is also provided to various patients. In addition to all the above treatment programs, there also exist sealed other powerful treatment programs that are implemented in various hospitals and medical centers. In this regard, the other treatment programs assume psychiatric treatment, wilderness therapy and residential treatmen t programs among others (Morral, 2006). Concept of Treatment Programs The conception of treatment programs aims to provide right cure to an individual, a patient or a group of patients. It has been apparently observed that different types of treatment programs are provided to the patients for the purpose of providing effective measures for the discontinuation of various sorts of un healthy practices that might affect the overall health of a person to a drastic level. Furthermore, treatment programs are also implemented so as to provide proper assistance for improving the mental conditions of a patient by a certain degree. There may be different kinds of patients having various problems in relation to psychological aspects. The idea concerning treatment programs especially deals with all the problems that might disrupts the behavioral attitudes of the individuals or the people in the form of students by a expectanter level. It is worth mentioning that effective treatment programs a re designed as well as exploited to provide relief to the patients and help them in sustaining a healthy life (Morral, 2006). Effectiveness of Treatment Programs Treatment programs are structured and implemented to provide proper solutions to various patients having different medical problems that may attain health on with mental problems. It also constitutes itself with different types of treatment which is provided to the patients so as to help them in discontinuing various types of damaging health practices that might include smoking, drinking alcohol and taking drugs among others. In fiat to determine the effectiveness of diverse treatment programs, it has been apparently observed that various sorts of treatment programs provide great aid to the patients for leading a healthier life and becoming free from conducting any kind of harmful activity relating to health and psychological problems. diverse treatment programs are meant to provide distinct outcomes, but all the outco mes are specifically targeted to focus a common goal i.e. curing the patients. Treatment of a patient lays much importance in his life as it provides him/her the opportunity to start a life afresh. Different treatment programs have been viewed to provide active support to the patients in developing their morale and also lift their self-motivation by a greater level. These programs relating to treatment proves to provide the patients with increased number of health benefits. The introduction along with the execution of diverse treatm

The role of transparency in public procurement process Literature review

The role of transparency in familiar procurement process - Literature review fountIn a nonprofessional language, transparency alludes to the kind of operations that are open to every individual and where others can easily see what one is doing. For instance, when one goes to a shop and carries out a transaction, the turn of the good/service with capital is done in a very transparent manner where two the buyer and the seller is entitled to confirm through counting the amount received as form or as the pay for the products bought. The verification through counting and confirmation that a right currency is in use would illustrate transparency in the simplest way. A close analysis of transparency shows that it is universally applied concept in such fields as in management, corporate, research, technology, sports, politics and media among other fields. In management and corporate circles, transparency may imply the openness in disclosure of info concerning revenues, reward and ad ministration while in research it may allude to ease of access to and sharing of reading. It has virtually a common meaning to all other disciplines with ease of accessing and sharing information in a manner that is not hidden to any person. It is a concept that dates far back in narration where it has been mostly applied in morality and ethics to allude to openness as against secrecy. However, the application would produce some minor differences in application from one field to another. Accountability is often used concurrently with transparency where the latter is used in transactions for the purpose of accountability1. It is actually seen as a consideration to ensuring that exoteric officials uphold high standards of accountability especially in matters of man procurement, tendering and awarding of contracts. In array to effectively participate in public procurement process, the public requires to have access to the most acquirable and necessary information as possible. Transparency in this regard therefore ensures that the public get the information and hence are in a position to contribute in the procedures of decision-making. In this regard, the discipline of public procurement is greatly dependent on accountability and as such relies much on transparency. In such a case as the public procurement, the authorities involved have a righteousness of ensuring that transactions carried out are done in the most open manner possible and that the information engaged is available to the scrutiny of the public and the government. Transparency confers power to the third party just as to the parties involved to raise a concern and question the procedures followed in transacting public deals. Transparency therefore entails availing the public procurement information and the mechanisms followed in according tenders to particular bidders to the public for possible scrutiny. This therefore ensures accountability of public resources while undertaking such trans actions that involves the public as against private resources2. Literature review In a study to evaluate these aspects the republic of Serbia was put into perspective within the context of the global frugal crisis by Rikalovic, Knecevic as well as Mikic. One of the findings to this study was that proper procurement practices would lead to erect savings off the budgetary

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin - Essay exampleSome of praises accredited to his name include the invention of lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove. Analysis of this book determines that the source of information in it is first-hand or rather primary. This is because, the book puts across that, it is through Franklins own voice that makes this book value reading, and how he describes the world in his own words. In addition to that, Franklin started writing his first autobiography represent how fascinating Philadelphia was including his shrewd literature observations. This regarded how he viewed Americas Colonial and Revolutionary periods while residing in England in 1771 (67). Due to the prevailing circumstances, he had to stop writing but later resumed writing xiii years later upon returning to the States. However, the consummation is second-hand information after different authors wrote it upon Franklins death. Since his work is a tale of success depicting a remarkable man, Franklin states clearly that the reason or purpose of lay down this piece of work that took him a period of more than eighteen years was to set an exemplary demeanor to the younger generations. He would do so by showing them how he emerged from poverty to amassing marvellous wealth, spot, and success. He continues to illustrate that all that he possessed came by means of immense aphonicship and immutable diligence (118). This is the reason why his autobiography is very important to Americans as it addresses real time essential values of life. According to part of his life story, Franklin depicts another reason for writing his life history. He says that, it would be agreeable for a son, in this case his son, to get to know some of his fathers life incidents. While in quest for this purpose, he decided to accord himself whole week leisure in order to put down for his son, William. As he continues, he states that he must speak thanking deity for his kind providen ce and happiness that he owed Him. Franklin directly engages these thoughts to his son, as he wanted William to widen blessed life just like his father by striving to better his life. During composition of his work, Franklins attempt to get at a unified structure of the whole story. He argues that, the reason behind great success and power is through immense hard work and determination. Even after dividing his work into four parts, the overall cultivation remains intact. His work seems entirely planned even before he commenced the actual writing. The autobiography traces Franklins personal development from obscurity to his profound significance. It presses that the main form of attaining any goal is through hard work. Franklins life history is entirely a secret success message for the younger and approaching generations, as he believed his life story would serve as an exceptional example to others. Presuppositions give separate between the ideas and values in a book. Franklins autobiography offers a semi ready-made form for gaining power and amassing wealth leading to a successful life. He portrays companionship of a real pattern and blood extraordinary man with an extraordinary mind and quality whereof his daily walkie-talkie conversation would lead us to meeting our goals and facing challenges. Franklin values hard work as the key to success. Today, hard work without work makes the difference between him and the

Internship review paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Internship review paper - Essay recitationThe report discusses about the learning gained by the internee during the internship tenure.The company that has been interned at is superior Bruces Private Kaneohe verbalize Sandbar Charter. The company profile has been discusses along with the mission, vision, and goals of the company. As it is a service providing company, it is very important to master that customers remain satisfied. The most important thing learned during the internship tenure were the ways of following up with customers, communication with them in an effective manner, and ensuring that all their queries and doubts are answered in a satisfactory manner.The report reflects upon the experiences the internee had with the customers. It was learnt that all customers shake varying natures and their perceptions about things may vary from customer to customer. The internee developed many new skills and polished the ones that demand improvement with the help of this intern ship in the travel industry.The name of the organization is Captain Bruces Private Kaneohe verbalise Sandbar Charter. The location of the organization is Kaneohe in hullo. The organization is a sole ownership company. The company states its shibboleth in such a way that customers become attracted towards the company. It says to cruise the sandbar of Kaneohe Bay so that Hawaii can be enjoyed to the maximum level by enjoying the sun and the sea both.The mission of Captain Bruce club is to ensure that customers smile under all circumstances when they take up the boating services of Captain Bruce. Captain Bruce is a boat tour company operating privately. It provides customers with the services of boat tours and allows them to enjoy the dyspnoeal waters of Oahus Kaneohe Bay and also enjoy the sand bar.The company philosophy is has an open opening policy for all its employees. It gives the employees the freedom

Organisational Performance and Leadership Essay

Organisational Performance and Leadership - Essay caseMeanwhile a number of theories ingest been developed to improve the executing of boldnesss. This project discusses one such(prenominal) theory which has been framed by Hillgren and Morse. This report will also aim at shedding put down on other atomic number 18as of high performing organisations in order to justify their excellence and stupendous victor as compared to their peers. This comparison is deemed necessary in realisation of the fact that the current business scenario is extremely demanding and organisations have to be immensely efficient in order to sustain the high levels of competition. In order to brave out the fundamental premise of this research, attempts will be made to identify and evaluate the basic elements of high performance organisations. Furthermore, the HPO SCORES model will also be comprehensively analysed.This assignment identifies four criteria that have been presented by Hillgren and Morse to imp rove the performance of the organisation. It aims to produce and identify certain common quality characteristics that are considered to be part of high performance organisations (IIBF, 2010, p.2). Instead of designing methods that will facilitate the organisations to achieve greater heights, this name aims to recognise if todays high performing organisations have certain characteristics in common. It also compares an organisations performance against these criteria. According to the definition generated through the research conducted by Carew et al. (n.d.), high performing organisations are enterprises that over time continue to produce outstanding results with the highest level of human satisfaction and commitment to succeeder (Blanchard, 2009, p.9). From this definition it is pretty much comprehensible that these organisations are far more well-coordinated in comparison to their peers in terms of human resource management (HRM) and its allied functions. It has been observed that high performing organisations (HPOs)

AN INVESTIGATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE IN ANNUAL REPORTS Research Proposal

AN INVESTIGATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE IN ANNUAL REPORTS OF Saudi-Arabian ARABIA FIRMS - Research proposal of marriage ExampleFacilitating transformation in the traditional structure of annual reports might prove costly, and therefore the much pragmatic approach is to encourage voluntary IC disclosure in a companys annual reports. Based on the structural framework and objectives of a company, disclosure depends on corporate disposal decision. New approach adopted in presenting the annual reports to the readers should help stakeholders make proper value legal opinion through the companys intellectual great (Li et al., 2008137).In order to meet the goal of bread maximization through enhanced performance, intellectual resources of an organization play an indispensable role. The problem faced is the dearth of IC related information in the annual reports of the four Saudi Arabian banks that have been selected for this paper. Since IC is not legally mandatory for inclus ion in annual reports, this component is also considered as unaccounted capital (Abeysekera & Guthrie, 2005 151).This paper will focus on intellectual capital disclosure in annual reports of Saudi Arabia firms. The necessity of IC information is steadily gaining importance from profit seeking perspective. While details some financial data and physical factors of products are easily available in annual reports of companies, there is directly growing demand for disclosure of IC information (Vandemaele et al., 2005 417). The objective of this paper is to learn how several banks in Saudi Arabia disclose intellectual capital in their annual reports. Further, this paper will explore the parcel of IC theory in the success and development of an organization.For the purpose of address the research objectives, the research hesitation of this paper is To what extent is intellectual capital is represented under different categories in the annual reports of Saudi Arabian banks? The purpose i s to learn how human capital is displayed in four

Encounter Point Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Encounter Point - delineation Review ExampleThe exposure shows Israel having a strong army, though it itself is most of the times at the receiving contain of the Palestinian violence. In one scene Roni Hirschenson, a former soldier, says that Israel has become an army with a call down and not state with an army. This is a very strong statement by someone who has lost twain of his sons directly or indirectly in the war.An different reason there seems to be inequality between Israelis and Palestinians is that violence from Israel comes in a very sophisticated manner. There is usage of red-brick technology and unfortunately m any(prenominal) ordinary people are killed in the attacks. The backing of United States as mentioned in the movie also shows Israel to be a stronger side.a- I dont trust that the movie has taken any sides. I think that the movie is very neutral and the purpose of such movies should be to climb a debate over the existing conditions. There may be people who th ink that this movie takes sides but I think that they feel that only because of the resentment that resides in them regarding the opposite side. The record shows destruction from both the sides. It takes interviews of victims from both Israelis and Palestinians.b- I think a balanced image is a film which shows reality in a non-provocative manner. This means that the reality on ground may be assorted but the film has to present facts in such a manner that it doesnt offend either party. Each side believes that they are absolutely right and in this case each side believes that beau ideal is on their side. The film cannot comment on the reality or possibility of god taking any particular side in the future. But what a balanced film can do is raise the issue and spark a healthy debate.c- I will definitely recommend the video to other viewers. The movie is very informative but most importantly it clearly shows the destruction caused by violence. the great unwashed are

Stagnant Performance of Textile Industry of Pakistan Essay

Stagnant Performance of framework Industry of Pakistan - Essay ExampleIndustry is even experiencing other issues that have taken place internally, the hands is under trained and the productivity levels are lower, in that respect is a lack of leadership within the perseverance, the application has failed to differentiate and add value. Other internal issues that are hurting the constancy truly badly includes last rate of inflation, low rate of production of power and increased rates of interest at which bound loans and funds are provided. Body There has been an increase in the demand for clothing and stuff labor goods throughout the world (FAINI, 1992). Past two decades have experienced tremendous come up of success of the pains of textile. During the consequence 1990 the total export of textile conducted throughout the world was 212 billion and after 18 old age it increased by $401 billion (Ahmed, 2012). Pakistan even witnessed an increase in the amount of textile goods produced and exported during the era of 1990 to 2008. During the termination of 1990, Pakistan exported $3.6 billion worth of textile related goods and by 2008, this figure increased to 11 billion (SHARMA, 2006, p.19, LOPEZ ACEVEDO, 2012, p, 1999). Pakistan has experienced growth in the industry but has faced various obstacles and challenges due to which the growth rate has been slow. Pakistans share in the export of textile has declined to 1.81% during 2008 from 2.23% as recorded in 2005 (SCHAFFER, 2009, p.344). During this three years period the production of textile has remained volatile due to heavy increase in power prices and low amount of availability of power. Pakistan faces various problems due to which the growth of their textile industry has remained sluggish. The main element of any textile industry is cotton cutting material and... This paper gives an insight into Pakistani textile industry and gives recommendations on its further development. The major role in the s uccess of the textile industry of Pakistan has been plated by Cotton which is a very important raw material for the nation. Pakistan is regarded as the fourth most producer of cotton raw material and third most user of this raw material throughout the world. It is expected the industry leave behind continue to grow and become one of the reason of economic growth in the economy of Pakistan. This industry has proven to attract foreign money into Pakistans economy and it is responsible for hiring the highest number of employees in Pakistan and there is no other industry that prat replace it. Over the previous four decades the textile industry of this nation has displayed its strength in the international arena. Textile industry of Pakistan is not new and has a very huge history. The day when Pakistan gained existence on the world map, it had only two textile mills running(a) within the nation. Later, due to policies adopted by the government, the industry grew at a very fast pace. instantly it is the leading sector of Pakistan and is the major contributor for the success of the economy of Pakistan and the manufacturing industry. The paper states that cost of production can be further decreased with the adoption and implementation of machinery that produces higher amount of bales as compared to the quality of bales universe produced currently.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING - Case Study Example2. The nurses be inattentive for delaying their medication documentation for such a long period of time as the next day. The incident that a medication is not documented endangers the patient of receiving too little or too some(prenominal) of the medications on subsequent shifts when other nurse have no way of knowing that there are missing entries in the records.3. When the root of the problem or cause of the situation is evaluated the ethical principles which must be considered are patient safety first and foremost. Standards of practice should also be evaluated and the set policy on medication should be evaluated to ensure that it is clear in all areas of medication administration.4. If the display case was heard in beg the charges would likely be malpractice and negligence. Negligence and or malpractice can be defined as the doing of something a reasonably prudent person would not do, it must be shown that the standard of care w hat deviated and that there were restitution or injuries because of the negligence or malpractice (Understanding Negligence, 2012). The possibility of something dangerous or injurious to a patient overdue to medication errors such as those described is very strong and often nurses are taken to court for the same errors which end up causing injury to a plaintiff. Because there were no injuries reported or complaints from patients described it is less likely that the case would require court charges against the nurse.1. The primary defendant in this case would be the original nurse suspected however after the testimony and other nurses acknowledging their own wrongdoing and medication errors they should be suspended and held liable as well. The plaintiff could be the facility if they chose to bring charges against the nurse which is unlikely as this was cause negativity towards the facility. Most likely if charges were brought against the nurse they would obeisance from a patient i ncident.2. The court would probably rule in

Mommy Track Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mommy Track - Essay Example accord with laws much(prenominal) as these entails additional costs to businesses. At first impression, it would seem that corporate policy should be that employment of women is better avoided than encouraged. However, a test by Cohen & Blanchi (1999) shows a steadily increasing trend of womens proletariat force participation for the period 1971 to 1997. This leads to the conclusion that although it may cost more to employ women than men, on that point is comparatively no negative impact on the profitability of businesses. Therefore, the higher costs of employing women will have no implications on corporate policy as long as the business benefits derived from women employees offset the costs.Schwartz definition of deuce types of working women as those who argon public life-primary and those who are career-and-family is quite accurate. It is therefore desirable for companies to distinguish the different types of career paths followed by female employ ees. According to Schwartz, career-primary women should be recognized early and accepted so that artificial barriers in their career path to the top may be cleared. In a similar way, career-and-family women should also be recognized and accepted and not be made to choose between career and family. Losing such women from the constitution means losing a valuable resource and a competitive advantage.I 3. Do you cipher there already is such a thing as a mommy track Is the cerebration of a mommy track a good one Is it somehow discriminatory against women Against menI think there already is such a thing as a mommy track, especially in societies where the traditional roles of male as breadwinner and female as homemaker have been ingrained through centuries. The idea of a mommy track may actually be a good one. According to Quinn in a Newsweek article (2000), a rising proportion of women are choosing motherhood over career. Quinn says that this choice is a result of prosperity. When coup les needed two incomes to survive, women had to find jobs. But when couples were able to manage with just one income, women rat make the choice of staying at home. In this authors opinion, a mommy track is not discriminatory both for women and men. It is simply another alternative option to choose from. Quinns article quotes a 32-year old mother of two who says that she does not feel a big need to work because she knows she can if she wants to.4. Should special organizational arrangements be made for workers who wish to combine careers and child-raising Identify the steps that companies can take to accommodate parental demand more effectively. A company that specifically targets women workers must indeed, make special arrangements to address the needs of such workers, including child-raising concerns. Some steps that companies can take to accommodate parental needs more effectively areGranting parental leave to increase the ability of families to balance the needs of the workplace and home. According to a study by Ruhm (2002), the first years of life is a critical period for a child and parents

Electronic Communication in the Workplace Assignment

Electronic Communication in the Workplace - Assignment exerciseAn unfortunate incident in the corporate sector is that of Royal and SunAlliance Insurance Company. The organization sacked and check employees involved in the distribution and emailing of pornographic content. The time allocated to the viewing and distribution of the illegal content at the work onplace is a clear indication of misappropriation of resources in the company. The unanticipated fall in employee view disorganized the structure of the organization. Consequently, the output of the organization decreased.The company ought to address the misconduct of email at work through troth policies. It is necessary for each staff to go through these policies and agreeing to them by signing the enrolment if it is in hard copy. Installation of email filtering software is vital for monitoring the employees and in punishing the offenders of the employment policies. In addition to that, the employer is responsible for addre ssing the issue in regular meetings by insisting a postgraduate level of formality in the use emails both externally and internally. Implementation of the mentioned guidelines at the workplace is a holistic approach to the elimination of unproductiveness at the workplace while promoting ethics in the business.The purpose of constitution is to announce the implementation of guidelines for the use of the companys email as a tool of communication within the workplace. The decision resulted from recently revealed statistics on the abuse of the resource in the company.The use of employment policies as a guideline is vital in mitigating the email misuse. Employment policies of the company have undergone revision. The inclusion of meshwork and email use as a section in the policies is a necessary move in the implementation and enforcement of the rear mentioned guideline. Attached is a revised copy of the employment policies. Take time to go through each policy related to the use of Int ernet and email.

Standards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Standards - seek Paper ExampleThere is an explosion in the number of people accessing the internet on their supple devices. As a result, there is a need for protocols to ensure sufficient infrastructure to support their work. The operative group is focused on the establishment of standards for mobile broadband access.The IEEE 802 standard is made up of a family of networking standards that range from the Ethernet to wireless systems (Beylot & Labiod, 2013). The standards cover all their physical specifications. The IEEE is divided into 22 unique parts. The importance of the standards in a digital era cannot be stated in an effective manner. As human beings bear on computers to networks, it is clear that they need a set of rules that will determine how data will move done the distinct networks.Furthermore, the IEEE standards have bestowed immense benefits on the consumer. The benefits include interoperability. The term denotes ability of computer exploiters to use the unalike networks at their disposal without undermining the flow of data packets. Secondly, the standards result in low product costs. The feature saves the user a lot of money that they would have otherwise spent buying items that fit all the unalike network needs. Thirdly, the standards be easy to manage. Protocols are needed to determine the movement of data across different networks. Computer users are lucky that their options are limited to a few effective standards (Kuo & Zhu, 2012).There are three common standards including ISO, ANSI and IEEE. The three standards play an historic role in the information and communication sector. However, it is important to determine the standard with the most impact. The International Standards Organization is the largest and most effective developer of standards that have a globose impact. In addition, it is responsible for publishing them. The importance of ISO lies in the fact that it makes it possible for the developers to create products that would address internationalist

Module 3 SLP - microbial metabolic and environmental growth Essay

Module 3 SLP - microbial metabolic and environmental ontogenesis - Essay Example contrastive microbial species present varying degrees of thermal stability of its proteins and enzymes (Brooks et al., 2007). Hence, microorganisms display different temperature ranges that are optimal for their obtainth and metabolism. Those organisms which grow best at low temperatures (15-20 OC) are called psychrophiles. Mesophylic groups grow best at 30-37 OC while thermophilic forms grow best at a temperature range of 50-60 OC. According to a study conducted by Radke-Mitchell and Sandine (1986), L. bulgaricus has an optimum development temperature range of 43-46 OC. On the otherwise hand, E coli grows best at 37 OC, similar to the normal automobile trunk temperature (Don, 2008). This is not surprising because E. coli forms a part of the bodys normal bacterial flora (Don, 2008).The substance of maintaining a certain range of pH for bacterial metabolism and growth is demonstrated by the point th at hydrogen ion concentration influences the integrity and functions of proteins, and other biochemical processes (Campbell and Reece, 2004). The acidity and alkalinity of the environment also affects the availability of nutrients native for the growth of microorganisms. Those species that grow best at a pH range of 6.0-8.0 are called neutralophiles. Meanwhile, microorganisms with optimum pH growth of 3.0 or lower are classified as acidophiles while those with optima at a pH of 10.5 or higher are called alkaliphiles (Brooks et al., 2007). Beal et al. (2009) reported that L. bulgaricus achieve its highest biomass in culture when maintained at pH 5.0. Cell viability was also noted to be at its peak at pH 5.0 (Beal et al., 2009). On the other hand, the optimum pH for growth of E. coli is 6.0-8.0 (York et al., 1984).The process of energy production, termed respiration, operates by virtue of electron acceptors. Oxygen serves as an electron acceptor in bacterial respiration (Brooks et al ., 20097). Organisms which strictly require oxygen for its